Dog Bite

States generally follow one of two rules. Strict-liability states hold the owner responsible for a bite regardless of whether the dog ever acted aggressively before. 'One-bite' states require the injured person to show the owner knew, or should have known, that the dog was dangerous — typically because of prior aggressive behavior. Some states mix the two, applying strict liability for certain kinds of bites and the one-bite rule otherwise.

The usual defenses are trespass and provocation. If the bitten person was trespassing, the owner's duty is reduced in most states. If the injured person teased, hit, or startled the dog, the claim may be reduced or barred, depending on state law. Homeowners' insurance usually covers dog bites, but some policies exclude specific breeds or exclude bites entirely after a prior incident.

Dog bite injuries often include deep puncture wounds, infection, nerve damage, and scarring. Scarring — especially facial scarring in children — drives a significant portion of the compensation in serious cases. Psychological effects like fear of dogs are also recognized in many states as compensable.

Photograph the wounds, ideally at several stages of healing. Identify the dog and the owner. Request the animal-control report — local authorities typically investigate bites and keep records. Medical records and, where available, prior complaint records about the same dog are central.